O artigo origina-se de uma investigação sobre uma prática social vivenciada por adultos voluntários que atuaram como palhaços e personagens em intervenções realizadas em um hospital no município de São Carlos/SP. O objetivo foi identificar e refletir nos recursos circenses e na atividade voluntária, indicadores para uma relação dialógica entre os participantes e analisar a finalidade com que a ludicidade é proposta durante a internação de crianças para tratamento de saúde. As atividades, a estrutura e a forma de organização do (...) GAG - Grupo Amor em Gotas constituíram o contexto de estudo, para a análise e reflexão sobre a função do voluntariado e as intervenções com palhaço, visando o processo de humanização no ambiente hospitalar. O estudo apresenta a inter-relação entre a cultura circense, as condições de internação hospitalar e as possibilidades de ressignificação do adoecimento. Sustentada em aporte teórico da educação, em destaque Paulo Freire, a investigação teve o estudo de caso como metodologia científica da pesquisa qualitativa realizada com registro em diários de campo. Dentre os resultados, destaca-se que a presença de grupos de palhaços e personagens em ambiente hospitalar além de representarem uma estratégia de enfrentamento da dor e sofrimento causados pelo adoecimento, promovem a interação com as crianças em seu próprio modo de agir no mundo: pelo brincar. Palavras chave : Humanização. Voluntariado. Palhaços. Crianças hospitalizadas. Ludicidade. (shrink)

El presente artículo hace a una reflexión sobre Kant y su énfasis en el apriorismo moral, sobre todo en cuanto se refiere al concepto de deber en la pura razón. Dicho concepto juega un papel fundamental como criterio de valor de la acción moral; una acción es moral en tanto sea hecha por deber y nada más que por deber. ¿Qué es el deber y dónde se fundamenta?, es de lo que se va a tratar el presente texto; igualmente nos (...) vamos a encontrar con el análisis y las características del imperativo categórico, junto con otras ideas morales, abordadas, eso sí, desde la perspectiva del apriorismo. (shrink)

The International Criminal Court (ICC) is responsible for prosecuting individuals for heinous crimes that take place during civil and/or international armed conflicts, including sexual violence. Prosecuting this crime relies primarily on survivor accounts, but witnesses often fear the psychological effects of giving such testimony, particularly because there is a high risk of retraumatization, a stigma associated with victimhood, and a fear of victim-blaming. Thus, the Court’s Victims and Witness Unit (VWU) puts forth provisions for questioning vulnerable witnesses, requiring, in part, (...) that questioners avoid embarrassing or offending witnesses. Using a discourse analytic approach, this paper examines transcripts from three recent ICC cases dealing with wartime sexual violence—_Bemba, Ongwen_, and _Katanga and Chui—_exploring the discursive strategies employed by prosecutors and defense attorneys in these trials as they navigate arguing their cases before the judges while also tailoring their questions to adhere to the VWU’s provisions. I show that adhering to the provisions often involves relying on euphemistic expressions to discuss rape—which enter the trial discourse through linguistic formulations and reformulations—even though these expressions reflect the language used to discuss consensual sex and not sexual violence. Thus, this method of adhering to the provisions can undermine the prosecution’s case while helping the defense’s. (shrink)

We introduce the papers in this special issue by providing an overarching perspective on the variety in kinds of commons and the ethical issues stemming from their diversity. Despite a long history of local commons management, recent decades have witnessed a surge of scholarly interest in the concept of “the commons,” including a growing management literature. This swell was impelled especially by Garrett Hardin’s paper of 1968, and the body of work generated by Elinor Ostrom and her colleagues. However, the (...) term itself has come to be used in a variety of ways. To contextualize its ethical dimensions, we map a number of commons-related concepts such as common-pool resources, common property regime, excludability and subtractability, common-pool resource types and commons or “commoning” as a source of production. Following a brief summary of papers in this special issue, the essay concludes with an identification of implications for research, practice and policy. (shrink)

Despite its potential implications for the objectivity of scientific knowledge, the claim that “scientific instruments are perspectival” has received little critical attention. I show that this claim is best understood as highlighting the dependence of instruments on different perspectives. When closely analyzed, instead of constituting a novel epistemic challenge, this dependence can be exploited to mount novel strategies for resolving two old epistemic problems: conceptual relativism and theory-ladeness. The novel content of this article consists in articulating and developing these strategies (...) by introducing two fine-grained notions of perspectives as the key units of analysis: “broad perspectives” and “narrow perspectives.”. (shrink)

Spin is a fundamental and distinctive property of the electron, having far-reaching implications. Yet its purely formal treatment often blurs the physical content and meaning of the spin operator and associated observables. In this work we propose to advance in disclosing the meaning behind the formalism, by first recalling some basic facts about the one-particle spin operator. Consistently informed by and in line with the quantum formalism, we then proceed to analyse in detail the spin projection operator correlation function \=\left\langle (...) \left \left \right\rangle \) for the bipartite singlet state, and show it to be amenable to an unequivocal probabilistic reading. In particular, the calculation of \\) entails a partitioning of the probability space, which is dependent on the directions \.\) The derivation of the CHSH- or other Bell-type inequalities, on the other hand, does not consider such partitioning. This observation puts into question the applicability of Bell-type inequalities to the bipartite singlet spin state. (shrink)

This paper considers the UN efforts to introduce a legally binding Treaty on corporate accountability for human rights impacts in the context of other proposed legislation at country level, on the one hand, and existing voluntary initiatives like the UN Guiding Principles (2011), on the other. What we are interested in is whether the proposed Treaty signals a transition from voluntary initiatives (based on moral commitments) to law (that is, a focus on compliance), and the extent to which it might (...) stimulate or hinder links between judicial and non-judicial initiatives. The scholars who have explicitly addressed these two divides are – Michael Sandel, on theory v. practice; and Amartya Sen, on law v. morality. We engage with their views, in sections II and III respectively, seeking to build an integrated approach to help us overcome these dualisms. We further consider John Ruggie’s “principled pragmatism”, a strategy that he uses to build the Protect, Respect and Remedy (henceforth, PRR) Framework; and we invoke arguments from casuistry as well as a practice-focused deontology (Thomas Donaldson’s) in favour of an ethics ‘beyond cognition’, which we consider better suited than either utilitarian or principle-based theories to guide the debate on human rights. This is because it allows us to take non-rational factors into account (such as emotions and personal affiliations), when judging the kind of common good we consider worth pursuing. In the last section of the paper, we investigate whether and how might the Treaty illustrate the two divides, trying to (a) distinguish between purely legal elements and those of a wider nature, to do with morality; and (b) understand what might help bridge the gap between theoretical commitments to the universality of human rights and various practical challenges. Our aim is not to evaluate the Treaty, from a legal viewpoint, or suggest improvements to it (lawyers are better placed to do that); rather, we seek to investigate the way in which the proposed Treaty – which is the first attempt to address the challenge of transnational business and human rights in international law – combines moral and legal aspects, and what this tells us about the world we live in. (shrink)

Our paper reveals Professor Grigore T. Popaʼs view on medical ethics of anatomical teaching as he was bringing in Romania the experience of the Anglo-Saxon education from both England and the United States. We analysed his lecture: “What Anatomy is or is not?” where he introduced some ideas of medical ethics. Professor Popa considered that medical ethics and deontology are required whenever someone studies the anatomy of the human body. Anatomy teaches us the lesson of respect towards human body, and (...) so it can never be reduced to a useless science, since it expresses the spiritual nature of mankind. (shrink)

La mentoría como programa de formación en el inicio de la vida profesional del docente principiante se presenta como una oportunidad para la mejora de la calidad de las instituciones educativas y de sus agentes. Al mismo tiempo, revierte sobre la comunidad y el territorio donde se ubica. En contextos reconocidos como vulnerables se necesitan agentes educativos vocacionales y con un alto nivel de resiliencia, y con una meta clara: formar a personas plenas que contribuyan con su sentir, ser y (...) hacer al desarrollo de la comunidad en la que habitan. (shrink)

Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar a experiência de construção de um curso de formação de professores de ciências e de matemática com caráter interdisciplinar. O trabalho foi desenvolvido a partir da interpretação de alguns aspectos da história da educação em ciências e matemática no Brasil que ainda se manifestam nas práticas pedagógicas e dos contextos político e social nos quais se desenvolveu a experiência de construção do Curso de Ciências – licenciatura da Universidade Federal de São Paulo. A tradição (...) de disciplinas escolares independentes e a própria formação disciplinar dos docentes do curso constituíram grandes desafios para a implantação de um curso interdisciplinar, com foco na promoção do diálogo das ciências naturais e da matemática com os desafios sociais e educacionais da atualidade brasileira. A análise aponta que nesse percurso foram enfrentados muitos desafios de ordem conceitual, estrutural e institucional, mas que o resultado (ainda em movimento) foi a organização de um curso com bases teóricas híbridas que desenvolve grande variedade de experiências de integração dos campos da ciência e da matemática e promove uma formação interdisciplinar e contextualizada. (shrink)

This book focuses on the role of philosophy across disciples. It gives several examples of how philosophical theories or particular concepts or lines of arguments, can be used in other (non-philosophical) disciplines, such as politics, business, psychology, art, and film studies.

This article analyzes the evolution of aesthetic role of the nature in the Middle Ages from the point of view of the philosophical systems influence on the interpretation of the corporal as a legitim way to the knowledge of the truth. it studies the intimate approach of neo-platonism, the shaping of its premises in the rejection of physical beauty and the change that occured after the assimilation of Aristotelianism toward a naturalistic outsourcing of the intellectual and artistic interests.

Como se aprende? O que é uma imagem sem imagens? Estas questões são o ponto de partida para o estudo das relações das imagens com a aprendizagem. Propomo-nos pensar que a aprendizagem não se pode fazer sem uma unidade de conexão, um processo criador virtual-actual. Aprender é uma “tarefa infinita” e transformadora dos movimentos do corpo, do pensamento e do espaço-tempo conjugados, que exige um encontro concreto feito de uma “familiaridade prática” experimental. Este é o objecto da nossa análise: a (...) imagem enquanto operação, transformadora prática de energias, que agem na educação, no quotidiano, no mundo. (shrink)

En este artículo hemos intentado poner de relieve la íntima solidaridad que existe entre la ontología y la estética de Gilles Deleuze. La conexión entre ambas disciplinas es tan estrecha que resulta materialmente imposible aproximarse a la teoría del arte de Deleuze sin tener una clara comprensión de las nociones nucleares que integran su pensamiento. Los conceptos de Deleuze no son estáticos, sino móviles, lo que les permite variar de fisonomía a medida que se desplaza el horizonte de la investigación. (...) Este es el motivo de que, en el proyecto del filósofo francés, la obra de arte reciba un tratamiento conceptual que es tributario de tesis elaboradas en el ámbito de la más rigurosa especulación ontológica. Deleuze concibe el arte como un antídoto contra las pasiones tristes de las que hablaba Spinoza, un revulsivo contra una Sociedad que asfixia la creatividad con sus clichés, un «paisaje» nuevo que solo podemos habitar a condición de despojarnos de nuestra pretendida identidad. (shrink)

We can say that Picasso’s images speak to us, and, as writing, speak to us from that space in which any text – far from being reduced to a single sense – “disseminates” its “truths”. Using the figure and the story of the Minotaur, Picasso devoted himself to one of the great themes of his pictorial work. The word “labyrinth” connotes, to the European mind, Greece, Knossos, Dedalus, Ariadne and the Minotaur. However, the Greek formula already represents a mythic and (...) poetic outcome thoroughly developed from an imagery forged in the remotest eras of our evolution. The relationship between the image, the spiral, and the word, labyrinth is also linked to the perception of a drilled earth, excavated, with numberless tortuous tunnels which, in our imagination, provoke concern because they lead to the world of the inferi, the unknown depths of the realms of the dead. Juan Larrea, a little-known essayist in the sphere of philosophical studies, although, from the outset of international renown for Picasso’s work, he gives what is perhaps the best interpretation of Guernica and consequently also sheds much light on the engravings immediately preceding the execution of this painting, the Minotauromachy among them. The artist is not a prophet. He is not foreseeing what the future holds for humanity, but he does possess a heightened sensitivity that drives him to minutely scrutinise the conditions of the time that he has had to live, and he has a transforming eye for the symbols that constitute the deepest threads in the fabric of his culture. (shrink)

Plantea la educación en línea nuevos problemas a la Ciencia de la Educación, que tiene un carácter dual: es Ciencia Social y Ciencia de lo Artificial. La mediación de la Tecnología refuerza la dimensión artificial de la Ciencia de la Educación, que se configura como una Ciencia de Diseño. Esto revierte en la vertiente interna y la dimensión externa de la actividad educativa. Este artículo ofrece un análisis filosófico-metodológico de la Educación mediada por la Tecnología. Lo hace desde el marco (...) teórico de las Ciencias de lo Artificial, lo que aporta novedad: por un lado, este enfoque es poco habitual; y, por otro, la Filosofía de la Ciencia apenas ha prestado atención a la Ciencia de la Educación. Dentro de este marco temático, para resolver problemas en los procesos de enseñanza mediados por la Tecnología, se contextualizan los diseños educativos como diseños científicos. Después se analizan sus límites para atender las distintas dimensiones de la Educación. (shrink)

El objetivo de este escrito es el de develar la relación entre felicidad y virtud, remitiendo esta relación a la concepción de la naturaleza o especificidad ontológica del hombre. Para este objetivo se estudiará principalmente los pensamientos cartesiano y spinozista con el fin de mostrar dos vertientes contrarias, pero que se encuentran en diálogo. La diferencia que se intentará mostrar entre estos pensamientos del siglo XVII está cimentada en el pensamiento antropológico cartesiano de corte individualista y el pensamiento comunitario de (...) Spinoza; tal pensamiento significará pensar la ética, pero también la política, de una determinada forma. (shrink)

En el campo de la filosofía de la religión se destaca el libro Creencia y racionalidad (Romerales, 1992), por su calidad, originalidad y en especial por sus aportaciones como las de John Hick, Anthony Flew, Alvin Plantinga, o Richard Swinburne. El mencionado libro recoge algunos de los artículos más destacados de estos y otros autores en torno a la racionalidad de las creencias religiosas. Aparecen tres posiciones que se encuentran expuestas mediante parábolas. Aquí Karl Popper somete una teoría a una (...) serie de refutaciones con el fin de desmentirla, y así saber que tan confiable y científica resulta ser. (shrink)

Resumen: Espacio y tiempo son conceptos inseparables. La relación que los une es tan estrecha que el espacio puede considerarse la otra cara del tiempo, y viceversa. La unidad y a la vez alteridad espacio-temporal representa un problema fundamental tanto para la ciencia, especialmente la física, como para la filosofía y el arte. Aunque puede haber puntos de encuentro entre las concepciones de las diferentes áreas, se observan diferencias fundamentales en la manera de entender ambos conceptos y la relación entre (...) ellos. El espacio y tiempo de la física clásica y el espacio lógico de Wittgenstein, ligado al presupuesto de la simultaneidad, son presuposiciones teóricas necesarias para establecer leyes físicas o bien para lograr representaciones exactas. Frente a la noción científica y transcendental está la concepción ontológica de Heidegger y la artística de Chillida. Renunciando al ideal de la exactitud, de lo medible y comprobable, el filósofo y el escultor entienden la mutua pertenencia de espacio y tiempo como algo que tiene una importancia fundamental para la vida humana y que representa un reto que hay que buscar.: Space and time are inseparable concepts. The relationship that joins them is so close that one can understand space as the opposite side of time, and vice versa. Unity and otherness of space and time constitute a fundamental problem for science, especially physics, as well as for philosophy and art. Although there may be connecting lines between the conceptions those different fields hold on space and time, one observes fundamental differences in the way they understand these two concepts and the relation between them. The conception of space and time in classical physics, as well as in Wittgenstein’s notion of logical space connected with the principle of simultaneity, represent necessary theoretical premises in order to establish physical laws and precise representations. Opposite to the scientific and transcendental concepts, we find Heidegger’s ontological and Chillida’s artistic conceptions. Giving up the ideal of precision, of measurement and verification, the philosopher and the sculptor understand the mutual belonging of space and time as something that has a fundamental importance in human life, and that constitutes a challenge that one can only search for. (shrink)

Introduction: The teacher-student relationship in medicine determines the bond established with the patient. Objective: This study was designed to compare if first and third year medical students at a university perceived incidents perpetrated by teachers as morally wrong. Materials and methods: A semi-structured survey was used with open and closed items; specifically, participants were asked to relate a morally wrong incident, classified to six categories. Results: 80.7% in the third-year students and 30.4% of the first-year students perceived incidents that involved (...) mostly auxiliary personnel and evaluations. Verbal abuse and unfair assessment were the categories mentioned the most. Discussion: A morally wrong incident is a general concept, differing from other studies that specifically analyze abuse, also evident in this concept. Conclusion: A lack of respect and justice could indicate a lack of moral commitment. (shrink)

“Chance as a Positive Space of Indetermination in the Thomistic Assimilation of Aristotle’s Physics”. This article analyzes Thomas Aquinas’s assimilation of the Aristotelian theory of chance. The analysis highlights Thomas Aquinas’s unequivocal acceptance of Aristotelian philosophy, as well as the issues regarding which he abandoned the Aristotelian position by offering a new interpretation related to the role of chance in the context of the created cosmos. All in all, the confluence of these two great systems of thought –Aristotelian thought and (...) late Medieval Christianity– provided new ways to understand nature, by expanding the scope of physics from the absolutely determined to the anomalous and irregular. (shrink)

This article analyzes the physical theory presented by Pierre Bayle in the new Spanish translation of Various Thoughts on the Occasion of the Comet. First, it deals with his critcism of the supertitous aspects of tradition, and subsequently, it analyzes his position, inspired by Descartes, regarding the physical nature of comets as opposed to the aristotelian cosmology, trough the analysis of five key issues: influence of distance, propagation of light, interaction between particles, difference between systems and problem of qualities.

Resumen: El propósito del texto es analizar la relación entre cuidado de sí e innovación educativa, considerando que el diálogo y la ironía, son prácticas que posibilitan que el cuidado de sí surja como novedad en la vida del sujeto. Para alcanzar dicho propósito, el texto está dividido en dos apartados, en el primero se revisan las nociones de cuidado de sí e innovación educativa, en el segundo se analizan el diálogo y la ironía. Se acepta que la innovación educativa (...) es esa posibilidad de mantener en novedad el cuidado de sí como transformación de sí. Se asume que diálogo e ironía son experiencia radical en una continua exigencia de reflexión como una manera de habitar la extrañeza y, simultáneamente, bajo el ejercicio pedagógico del ser y hacer de las prácticas educativas. Finalmente se considera al cuidado de sí e innovación educativa como: reflexión y vida en ejercicio. Asumimos que en el diálogo y en la ironía hay un doblez y giro de la atención, la inquietud y el cuidado de sí que lo hacen emerger como innovación educativa. Palabras clave: Cuidado de sí; Innovación educativa; Diálogo; Ironía; Reflexión. Autocuidado e inovação educacional: Diálogo e ironia Resumo: O objetivo do texto é analisar a relação entre o autocuidado e a inovação educativa, considerando que o diálogo e a ironia são práticas que permitem que o autocuidado surja como novidade na vida do sujeito. Para atingir esse objetivo, o texto está dividido em duas seções, na primeira são revisadas as noções de autocuidado e inovação educacional, na segunda analisam-se o diálogo e a ironia. Admite-se que a inovação educacional é a possibilidade de manter o cuidado de si como uma transformação de si como novidade. Assume-se que o diálogo e a ironia são uma experiência radical em uma demanda contínua de reflexão como forma de habitar a estranheza e, simultaneamente, sob o exercício pedagógico do ser e do fazer nas práticas educativas. Por fim, considera-se o autocuidado e a inovação educacional como: reflexão e vida em exercício. Partimos do pressuposto de que no diálogo e na ironia há uma reviravolta de atenção, inquietação e autocuidado que a fazem emergir como inovação educativa. Palavras-chave: Autocuidado; Inovação educacional; Diálogo; Ironia; Reflexão. Self-care and educational innovation: Dialogue and irony Summary: The purpose of the text is to analyze the relationship between self-care and educational innovation, considering that dialogue and irony are practices that allow self-care to emerge as a novelty in the subject's life. To achieve this purpose, the text is divided into two sections, in the first the notions of self-care and educational innovation are reviewed, in the second the dialogue and irony are analyzed. It is accepted that educational innovation is the possibility of keeping care of oneself as a transformation of oneself as novel. It is assumed that dialogue and irony are a radical experience in a continuous demand for reflection as a way of inhabiting strangeness and, simultaneously, under the pedagogical exercise of being and doing in educational practices. Finally, self-care and educational innovation are considered as: reflection and life in practice. We assume that in the dialogue and in the irony there is a twist and turn of attention, restlessness and self-care that make it emerge as an educational innovation. Keywords: Self-care; Educational innovation; Dialogue; Irony; Reflection. Data de registro: 04/07/2022 Data de aceite: 26/10/2022. (shrink)

La justicia transicional es un tema fundamental en la filosofía del derecho que se ocupa de abordar los desafíos éticos y legales que surgen durante la transición de un régimen autoritario o en conflicto hacia un sistema democrático y pacífico. En este artículo, exploraremos la relación entre la filosofía del derecho y la justicia transicional, analizando los principios y conceptos filosóficos que sustentan la búsqueda de la justicia y la reconciliación en sociedades marcadas por el pasado de violaciones de derechos (...) humanos y conflictos violentos. (shrink)

Las referencias a Whitehead ocupan un espacio relativamente breve en el conjunto de la obra de Gilles Deleuze, tan prolífica en su diálogo con otros autores. A pesar de ello nos ha parecido observar que la contribución de Whitehead al proyecto filosófico de Deleuze es crucial, y que la comprensión de la obra de este último se ilumina y enriquece con la lectura del primero. Este artículo intenta determinar hasta qué punto algunas de las principales nociones filosóficas de Deleuze hunden (...) sus raíces en la filosofía del proceso elaborada por Whitehead. (shrink)

Cette étude vise à comprendre les spécificités sémantiques des lexèmes _manipuler_ et _modifier_ afin d’éclairer l’usage qui en est fait en bioéthique lorsque les actions désignées ont comme objet l’embryon, le cerveau, l’ADN, l’Homme, le vivant ou la procréation. En s’appuyant sur les définitions des dictionnaires et sur les réponses à un questionnaire soumis aux locuteurs, et en se servant de concepts de la sémantique combinatoire, de la sémantique argumentative, de la sémantique des cadres et de l’aspect sémantique, l’étude identifie (...) les éléments de signification propres à chacun des deux lexèmes. Ces éléments sont étroitement liés au potentiel de signification des lexèmes et aux traits aspectuels des procès qu’ils désignent. À l’issue de cette étude, un ensemble de traits sémantiques caractéristiques de chaque lexème est proposé, dans une perspective contrastive. (shrink)

This article explores the implicit theories of morality, or the conceptions regarding the patterns of stability, continuity and change in moral dispositions, both in lay and academic discourses. The controversies surrounding these conceptions and the fragmentation of the models and perspectives in metaethics and moral psychology endangers the pursuit of adequate operationalizations of morally relevant constructs. The current debate between situationists, who deny that character is an useful concept for understanding human behavior, which is better explained by contextual factors (Doris (...) 1998; Harman 1998) and dispositionists, who advocate the cross-situational stability of traits, is also present in the lay discourse, through the existence of competing commonsense ontological assumptions regarding the mutability or alterability of moral features, namely the implicit theories perspective (Chiu, Dweck, Tong, & Fu 1997). These personal theories are primary suspects in the affective and cognitive reactions to transgressions: the type of attended information in formulating evaluative judgments, the calibration of moral responsibility and blameworthiness, the assignment of retribution or reparatory recommendations to transgressors. In the second part of the study we attempt to advance toward a more fine-grained inspection of these lay beliefs, arguing that the construct of implicit theories of morality, as it is currently treated and measured, tends to be restrictive and oversimplifying. (shrink)

This article analyzes the treatment of natural philosophy in the work of Thomas Aquinas from the point of view of assimilation of the Aristotelian physical corpus. It focuses primarily on the Aquinas’s defense of the conception of the fallibility of the natural reason, the provisional and revisable character of all physical theories, the necessity of intercultural dialogue to discover the truths about nature, and Aquinas’s role in the development of the skeptical attitude in scientific research of the mobile’s world.

El presente artículo analiza la asimilación en la obra de Tomás de Aquino de los principios fundamentales del necesitarismo físico aristotélico así como la introducción, desde el punto de vista de la cosmología cristiana, dos tipos de fenómenos ajenos a la filosofía de la naturaleza de Aristóteles: las operaciones ocultas de la naturaleza y los milagros. Se estudia la postura del Aquinate en torno al magnetismo, las mareas, las propiedades terapéuticas de los compuestos y el origen de los poderes de (...) las figuras nigrománticas y reliquias. -/- . (shrink)

Este artigo, de âmbito exploratório, objetiva oferecer uma visão geral sobre a sustentabilidade ambiental de eventos e estudo comparativo de normas correlatas. Os resultados apontam que as normas ABNT/ISO e ASTM estipulam exigências distintas quanto à certificação de sustentabilidade de eventos acerca dos aspectos relacionados com a comunicação e o meio ambiente.